What is a Microprocessor it's working and uses.

Microprocessor :- 

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•                          Microprocessor is a processor of a computer that the processes all process in the system of the computer's system.
• Microprocessor is a like a microchip which is a situated on a IC ( integrated circuit).
• We can call Microprocessor the CPU (Central Processing Unit) of the computer and the brain of the computer.
• Microprocessor is a control the all functionalities of the computer.
• Microprocessor is a combination of combinatinal circuit and sequential circuit.

Basic working of Microprocessor  :-

• Microprocessor is a take the input from user and transfer the memory , Decode the input and process the input and produce the output according to the user input.
• Microprocessor is a perform the some basic Arithmetic operations by using ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit). For example :- Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, etc.
•  Microprocessor is a transfer the data one location to the another location.

• Microprocessor having a PC (Program Counter)  Which is a used for the Stores the address of the next instruction.

Type of the Microprocessor :-

1. Complex Instruction Set Computer [CISC].
2. Reduced Instruction Set Computer [RISC].
3. Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing [EPIC].

Complex Instruction Set Computer [CISC] :-

• CISC Stand for Complex Instruction Set Computer [CISC].
• CISC [Complex Instruction Set Computer] is a Single Instruction that contain many low-level instruction.
• In a CISC [Complex Instruction Set Computer] is a Single Instruction having a multiple address mode.
• CISC [Complex Instruction Set Computer] are uses less number of registers.
• CISC [Complex Instruction Set Computer] having a Variable Length Instruction.
• CISC [Complex Instruction Set Computer] are uses less Memory.
• CISC [Complex Instruction Set Computer] is a perform operation like Storing the data and moving the data into the memory.

Reduced Instruction Set Computer [RISC] :-

• RISC Stand for a Reduced Instruction Set Computer [RISC].
• RISC [Reduced Instruction Set Computer] executes instructions quickly.
• RISC [Reduced Instruction Set Computer] is a complete the instruction in a one cycle clock.
• RISC [Reduced Instruction Set Computer] are uses a less address mode.
• RISC [Reduced Instruction Set Computer] is avoid the multiple registers for interaction with the memory.

Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing [EPIC] :-

• EPIC Stand for the Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing [EPIC].
• EPIC [Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing] is a compute the instruction parallelly for use of compilers.
• EPIC [Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing] completes complex instructions in a few cycle clocks.

History of a Microprocessor  :-

 

• First Generation of a Microprocessor [INTEL 4004]:-

The First Microprocessor was invented in a 1971. The First Microprocessor was invented by the INTEL company. The First Generation Microprocessor was 4 bit processor. The name of first Microprocessor is a [INTEL 4004].The Clock speed of Microprocessor is a 108 KHz and signal range is -8 to +7. It was practically able to perform only Arithmetic operations.It was use only for Controlling the Device.

• Second Generation of Microprocessor [8085] :- 

Second Generation of Microprocessor was launched in a 1972. Second Generation of Microprocessor was 8 bit processor and signal range is a -127 to +128. Second Generation of Microprocessor was not practically able to perform Arithmetic operations and Logical operations. It was only used for Controlling Applications.

• Third Generation of Microprocessor [8086] :-

Third Generation of Microprocessor was launched in a 1978. It was launched by INTEL company. Third Generation of Microprocessor was a 16 bit processor and signal range is a -32768 to +32767. Third Generation of Microprocessor was practically able to perform Arithmetic operations. Third Generation of Microprocessor was famous for its calculations performance.

• Fourth Generation of Microprocessor [80386] :- 

Fourth Generation of Microprocessor was launched in a 1986. Fourth Generation of Microprocessor was a 32 bit processor. The signal range of Fourth Generation Microprocessor was -2×10^9 to  +2×10^9.

• Fifth Generation of Microprocessor [Pentium Pro] :-

Fifth Generation of Microprocessor was launched in a 1995. Fifth Generation of Microprocessor was a 64 bit processor. Fifth Generation Microprocessor was a high Performance and high Speed as compared to the all Generation of Microprocessor.

Different parts of Microprocessor :- 

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1. ALU :- ALU Stand for Arithmetic Logic operation. ALU is a responsible (Arithmetic Logic operations) for only Arithmetic operations and Logical operations  for example :- Addition,Subtraction,Multiplication,Division, Boolean AND, OR,etc.
2. Control Unit :- Control Unit is a responsible for control system in Microprocessor.
3. Input/Output (I/O) :- Input Output device is a control the input Output in a Microprocessor. It is a responsible for take input from user and produce the output according to the condition.
4. Registers :- Registers is a store the data for a temporary time.Registers is used for store instruction and address mode.
5. Memory :- Memory is Store the data and move the data one location to the another in a Microprocessor.

Basic Terminology in a Microprocessor :- 

1. Bus :- Bus is a communication path to data travel from the memory. Bus is a bidirectional. There are three types of buses in a Microprocessor :-
   • Control Bus
   • Address Bus
   • Data Bus
2. Instruction Per Cycle [IPC] :- IPC is a measure the instruction in a Microprocessor how many instruction execute in a one Clock Cycle.
3. Word Length :- Word Length is a measure the number of bits Microprocessor processed at the same time.
4. Clock Speed :-  Clock speed is a measure the number of operations performed by the Microprocessor. Clock Speed is a measure in Hertz (Hz).
5. Instruction Set :- Instruction Set is a Group of a Instruction in a Microprocessor. Instruction Set is a interface between Hardware and Software.
6. Data Types :- Data Types is represents only What type of data support in a Microprocessor. For example signed, unsigned,ASCII (American Standard for Information Interchange) etc.

Features of a Microprocessor :-

1. Less Cost :- Today days Microprocessor are a available in Less Cost and easily available in a any place.
2. Less Power Consumption :- Microprocessor are uses Less power of a system because of its made of a from a semi-conductor.
3. Fast Speed :- Microprocessor having a High speed. Today days Microprocessor are execute the one millions process within a second.
4. Easily Portable :- Microprocessors are easily Portable any in device.
5. Less Heat device :- Microprocessor are reduced the Heat of device because his made of a from semi-conductor.
6. More Reliable :- Microprocessor is a more reliable for the System because his failure rate is very less. 
7. Multi-purpose :- Microprocessor are used for several mini application and projects.
8. Small size.
9. High Performance.
10. Reduced the failure Risk.

Application of Microprocessor :-

• Microprocessor are used in a Home automation and it's appliances.
• Microprocessor is a used in Industrial area.
• Microprocessor is a used in Networking for communication purpose.
• Microprocessor are a used in Embedded system. For example AC (Air conditioning, Camera etc.
• Microprocessor is a used in Computer and Electronic media.